OpenClaw on GCP Compute Engine (Docker, Production VPS Guide)

Goal

Run a persistent OpenClaw Gateway on a GCP Compute Engine VM using Docker, with durable state, baked-in binaries, and safe restart behavior. If you want “OpenClaw 24/7 for ~$5-12/mo”, this is a reliable setup on Google Cloud. Pricing varies by machine type and region; pick the smallest VM that fits your workload and scale up if you hit OOMs.

What are we doing (simple terms)?

Create a GCP project and enable billing
Create a Compute Engine VM
Install Docker (isolated app runtime)
Start the OpenClaw Gateway in Docker
Persist ~/.openclaw + ~/.openclaw/workspace on the host (survives restarts/rebuilds)
Access the Control UI from your laptop via an SSH tunnel

The Gateway can be accessed via:

SSH port forwarding from your laptop
Direct port exposure if you manage firewalling and tokens yourself

This guide uses Debian on GCP Compute Engine. Ubuntu also works; map packages accordingly. For the generic Docker flow, see Docker.

Quick path (experienced operators)

Create GCP project + enable Compute Engine API
Create Compute Engine VM (e2-small, Debian 12, 20GB)
SSH into the VM
Install Docker
Clone OpenClaw repository
Create persistent host directories
Configure .env and docker-compose.yml
Bake required binaries, build, and launch

What you need

GCP account (free tier eligible for e2-micro)
gcloud CLI installed (or use Cloud Console)
SSH access from your laptop
Basic comfort with SSH + copy/paste
~20-30 minutes
Docker and Docker Compose
Model auth credentials
Optional provider credentials
- WhatsApp QR
- Telegram bot token
- Gmail OAuth

1) Install gcloud CLI (or use Console)

Option A: gcloud CLI (recommended for automation) Install from https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install Initialize and authenticate:

gcloud init
gcloud auth login

Option B: Cloud Console All steps can be done via the web UI at https://console.cloud.google.com

2) Create a GCP project

CLI:

gcloud projects create my-openclaw-project --name="OpenClaw Gateway"
gcloud config set project my-openclaw-project

Enable billing at https://console.cloud.google.com/billing (required for Compute Engine). Enable the Compute Engine API:

gcloud services enable compute.googleapis.com

Console:

Go to IAM & Admin > Create Project
Name it and create
Enable billing for the project
Navigate to APIs & Services > Enable APIs > search “Compute Engine API” > Enable

3) Create the VM

Machine types:

Type	Specs	Cost	Notes
e2-medium	2 vCPU, 4GB RAM	~$25/mo	Most reliable for local Docker builds
e2-small	2 vCPU, 2GB RAM	~$12/mo	Minimum recommended for Docker build
e2-micro	2 vCPU (shared), 1GB RAM	Free tier eligible	Often fails with Docker build OOM (exit 137)

CLI:

gcloud compute instances create openclaw-gateway \
  --zone=us-central1-a \
  --machine-type=e2-small \
  --boot-disk-size=20GB \
  --image-family=debian-12 \
  --image-project=debian-cloud

Console:

Go to Compute Engine > VM instances > Create instance
Name: openclaw-gateway
Region: us-central1, Zone: us-central1-a
Machine type: e2-small
Boot disk: Debian 12, 20GB
Create

4) SSH into the VM

CLI:

gcloud compute ssh openclaw-gateway --zone=us-central1-a

Console: Click the “SSH” button next to your VM in the Compute Engine dashboard. Note: SSH key propagation can take 1-2 minutes after VM creation. If connection is refused, wait and retry.

5) Install Docker (on the VM)

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y git curl ca-certificates
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sudo sh
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Log out and back in for the group change to take effect:

exit

Then SSH back in:

gcloud compute ssh openclaw-gateway --zone=us-central1-a

Verify:

docker --version
docker compose version

6) Clone the OpenClaw repository

git clone https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw.git
cd openclaw

This guide assumes you will build a custom image to guarantee binary persistence.

7) Create persistent host directories

Docker containers are ephemeral. All long-lived state must live on the host.

mkdir -p ~/.openclaw
mkdir -p ~/.openclaw/workspace

8) Configure environment variables

Create .env in the repository root.

OPENCLAW_IMAGE=openclaw:latest
OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN=change-me-now
OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_BIND=lan
OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT=18789

OPENCLAW_CONFIG_DIR=/home/$USER/.openclaw
OPENCLAW_WORKSPACE_DIR=/home/$USER/.openclaw/workspace

GOG_KEYRING_PASSWORD=change-me-now
XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/home/node/.openclaw

Generate strong secrets:

openssl rand -hex 32

Do not commit this file.

9) Docker Compose configuration

Create or update docker-compose.yml.

services:
  openclaw-gateway:
    image: ${OPENCLAW_IMAGE}
    build: .
    restart: unless-stopped
    env_file:
      - .env
    environment:
      - HOME=/home/node
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - TERM=xterm-256color
      - OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_BIND=${OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_BIND}
      - OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT=${OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT}
      - OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN=${OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN}
      - GOG_KEYRING_PASSWORD=${GOG_KEYRING_PASSWORD}
      - XDG_CONFIG_HOME=${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}
      - PATH=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    volumes:
      - ${OPENCLAW_CONFIG_DIR}:/home/node/.openclaw
      - ${OPENCLAW_WORKSPACE_DIR}:/home/node/.openclaw/workspace
    ports:
      # Recommended: keep the Gateway loopback-only on the VM; access via SSH tunnel.
      # To expose it publicly, remove the `127.0.0.1:` prefix and firewall accordingly.
      - "127.0.0.1:${OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT}:18789"
    command:
      [
        "node",
        "dist/index.js",
        "gateway",
        "--bind",
        "${OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_BIND}",
        "--port",
        "${OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT}",
      ]

10) Bake required binaries into the image (critical)

Installing binaries inside a running container is a trap. Anything installed at runtime will be lost on restart. All external binaries required by skills must be installed at image build time. The examples below show three common binaries only:

gog for Gmail access
goplaces for Google Places
wacli for WhatsApp

These are examples, not a complete list. You may install as many binaries as needed using the same pattern. If you add new skills later that depend on additional binaries, you must:

Update the Dockerfile
Rebuild the image
Restart the containers

Example Dockerfile

FROM node:22-bookworm

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y socat && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Example binary 1: Gmail CLI
RUN curl -L https://github.com/steipete/gog/releases/latest/download/gog_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz \
  | tar -xz -C /usr/local/bin && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gog

# Example binary 2: Google Places CLI
RUN curl -L https://github.com/steipete/goplaces/releases/latest/download/goplaces_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz \
  | tar -xz -C /usr/local/bin && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/goplaces

# Example binary 3: WhatsApp CLI
RUN curl -L https://github.com/steipete/wacli/releases/latest/download/wacli_Linux_x86_64.tar.gz \
  | tar -xz -C /usr/local/bin && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wacli

# Add more binaries below using the same pattern

WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml pnpm-workspace.yaml .npmrc ./
COPY ui/package.json ./ui/package.json
COPY scripts ./scripts

RUN corepack enable
RUN pnpm install --frozen-lockfile

COPY . .
RUN pnpm build
RUN pnpm ui:install
RUN pnpm ui:build

ENV NODE_ENV=production

CMD ["node","dist/index.js"]

11) Build and launch

docker compose build
docker compose up -d openclaw-gateway

If build fails with Killed / exit code 137 during pnpm install --frozen-lockfile, the VM is out of memory. Use e2-small minimum, or e2-medium for more reliable first builds. When binding to LAN (OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_BIND=lan), configure a trusted browser origin before continuing:

docker compose run --rm openclaw-cli config set gateway.controlUi.allowedOrigins '["http://127.0.0.1:18789"]' --strict-json

If you changed the gateway port, replace 18789 with your configured port. Verify binaries:

docker compose exec openclaw-gateway which gog
docker compose exec openclaw-gateway which goplaces
docker compose exec openclaw-gateway which wacli

Expected output:

/usr/local/bin/gog
/usr/local/bin/goplaces
/usr/local/bin/wacli

12) Verify Gateway

docker compose logs -f openclaw-gateway

Success:

[gateway] listening on ws://0.0.0.0:18789

13) Access from your laptop

Create an SSH tunnel to forward the Gateway port:

gcloud compute ssh openclaw-gateway --zone=us-central1-a -- -L 18789:127.0.0.1:18789

Open in your browser: http://127.0.0.1:18789/ Fetch a fresh tokenized dashboard link:

docker compose run --rm openclaw-cli dashboard --no-open

Paste the token from that URL. If Control UI shows unauthorized or disconnected (1008): pairing required, approve the browser device:

docker compose run --rm openclaw-cli devices list
docker compose run --rm openclaw-cli devices approve <requestId>

What persists where (source of truth)

OpenClaw runs in Docker, but Docker is not the source of truth. All long-lived state must survive restarts, rebuilds, and reboots.

Component	Location	Persistence mechanism	Notes
Gateway config	`/home/node/.openclaw/`	Host volume mount	Includes `openclaw.json`, tokens
Model auth profiles	`/home/node/.openclaw/`	Host volume mount	OAuth tokens, API keys
Skill configs	`/home/node/.openclaw/skills/`	Host volume mount	Skill-level state
Agent workspace	`/home/node/.openclaw/workspace/`	Host volume mount	Code and agent artifacts
WhatsApp session	`/home/node/.openclaw/`	Host volume mount	Preserves QR login
Gmail keyring	`/home/node/.openclaw/`	Host volume + password	Requires `GOG_KEYRING_PASSWORD`
External binaries	`/usr/local/bin/`	Docker image	Must be baked at build time
Node runtime	Container filesystem	Docker image	Rebuilt every image build
OS packages	Container filesystem	Docker image	Do not install at runtime
Docker container	Ephemeral	Restartable	Safe to destroy

Updates

To update OpenClaw on the VM:

cd ~/openclaw
git pull
docker compose build
docker compose up -d

Troubleshooting

SSH connection refused SSH key propagation can take 1-2 minutes after VM creation. Wait and retry. OS Login issues Check your OS Login profile:

gcloud compute os-login describe-profile

Ensure your account has the required IAM permissions (Compute OS Login or Compute OS Admin Login). Out of memory (OOM) If Docker build fails with Killed and exit code 137, the VM was OOM-killed. Upgrade to e2-small (minimum) or e2-medium (recommended for reliable local builds):

# Stop the VM first
gcloud compute instances stop openclaw-gateway --zone=us-central1-a

# Change machine type
gcloud compute instances set-machine-type openclaw-gateway \
  --zone=us-central1-a \
  --machine-type=e2-small

# Start the VM
gcloud compute instances start openclaw-gateway --zone=us-central1-a

Service accounts (security best practice)

For personal use, your default user account works fine. For automation or CI/CD pipelines, create a dedicated service account with minimal permissions:

Create a service account:

gcloud iam service-accounts create openclaw-deploy \
  --display-name="OpenClaw Deployment"

Grant Compute Instance Admin role (or narrower custom role):

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding my-openclaw-project \
  --member="serviceAccount:[email protected]" \
  --role="roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1"

Avoid using the Owner role for automation. Use the principle of least privilege. See https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/understanding-roles for IAM role details.

Next steps

Set up messaging channels: Channels
Pair local devices as nodes: Nodes
Configure the Gateway: Gateway configuration

Install overview

Other install methods

Maintenance

Hosting and deployment

Advanced

GCP

OpenClaw on GCP Compute Engine (Docker, Production VPS Guide)

Goal

What are we doing (simple terms)?

Quick path (experienced operators)

What you need

1) Install gcloud CLI (or use Console)

2) Create a GCP project

3) Create the VM

4) SSH into the VM

5) Install Docker (on the VM)

6) Clone the OpenClaw repository

7) Create persistent host directories

8) Configure environment variables

9) Docker Compose configuration

10) Bake required binaries into the image (critical)

11) Build and launch

12) Verify Gateway

13) Access from your laptop

What persists where (source of truth)

Updates

Troubleshooting

Service accounts (security best practice)

Next steps

​OpenClaw on GCP Compute Engine (Docker, Production VPS Guide)

​Goal

​What are we doing (simple terms)?

​Quick path (experienced operators)

​What you need

​1) Install gcloud CLI (or use Console)

​2) Create a GCP project

​3) Create the VM

​4) SSH into the VM

​5) Install Docker (on the VM)

​6) Clone the OpenClaw repository

​7) Create persistent host directories

​8) Configure environment variables

​9) Docker Compose configuration

​10) Bake required binaries into the image (critical)

​11) Build and launch

​12) Verify Gateway

​13) Access from your laptop

​What persists where (source of truth)

​Updates

​Troubleshooting

​Service accounts (security best practice)

​Next steps

OpenClaw on GCP Compute Engine (Docker, Production VPS Guide)

Goal

What are we doing (simple terms)?

Quick path (experienced operators)

What you need

1) Install gcloud CLI (or use Console)

2) Create a GCP project

3) Create the VM

4) SSH into the VM

5) Install Docker (on the VM)

6) Clone the OpenClaw repository

7) Create persistent host directories

8) Configure environment variables

9) Docker Compose configuration

10) Bake required binaries into the image (critical)

11) Build and launch

12) Verify Gateway

13) Access from your laptop

What persists where (source of truth)

Updates

Troubleshooting

Service accounts (security best practice)

Next steps